托福听力记笔记策略

　　托福听力的笔记如何来记，一直是广大考生十分关注的问题。但是令广大考生困惑的是，记笔记不知如何下手，或者记下的东西毫无用处。当然，做好笔记，可以帮助考生抓住一些重要细节，尤其是一些具体细节。但是记笔记的第一大原则是，在听懂的基础上记忆。在听懂听力内容的基础上快速总结概括，筛选出关键词记下来，以此帮助考生回忆听力内容。但是很多考生听都听不懂，只是一味地把听到的词记下来，不管其重不重要。这样，笔记当然是无用的，只是一些杂乱的词汇堆积而已。所以，千万谨记，笔记只是辅助工具。

　　为了更好地发挥一下这个辅助工具的作用，还是要掌握一些基本的技巧。具体说明如下：

　　一、 主旨信息。

　　即表达conversation的目的和内容的信息以及表达lecture的主题的内容。如：

　　conversation:

　　I was wondering/thinking/ hoping …….

　　I wanted to ….

　　This is why I come by

　　Lecture:

　　I am going to talk about / discuss

　　Let’s focus on...

　　二、 重要细节。

　　即围绕一个主题，展开探讨的主要内容。如：

　　例1：

　　主旨：(student)I wonder if you could give me a few quick about the library?

　　重要细节一：(Librarian)ok, over here the section we have language, literature and art. And if you do downstairs, you’ll find the history section.

　　重要细节二：(Librarian)oh, I also should mention that we have interlibrary loan service ….

　　重要细节三：(Students)another thing I was wondering if there a place I can bring my computer and hook it up?

　　重要细节四：(Librarian)I am sure you’ll need photocopier too….

　　重要细节五：(Students)where is the collection of rare books?

　　例2：

　　主旨：now, even though it may be difficult to understand how a huge ice can move or flow, it’s really no secret that glacier flow because of gravity, but how they flow, the way they flow needs some explaining.

　　重要细节一：the first type of flow is called “Basal Slip”

　　重要细节二：the new type of movement we talk about is called “Deformation”

　　重要细节三：now, I’d like to touch briefly on extension and compression.

　　以上两个例子中的重要细节，均是围绕主旨展开的讨论。对于对话来说，重要内容比较复杂，有librarian主动陈述，也有学生进一步的追问。对于 lecture来说就相对清楚得多了。根据重要细节内容，我们可以预测细节题的考查要点。当然，真正做对题目，还要抓住围绕每一个重要细节进一步展开的具体细节。

　　三、 具体细节。

　　即围绕重点细节展开的进一步讨论内容。这方面的内容比较零散，依据重点细节的内容而发生变化。但是我们在听的过程中，也可以抓住一些常规考查点或出题要点

　　1.转折信息。

　　信息词：but, however, yet, nevertheless, unless, actually, in fact, as a matter of fact, practically, although, even though, even if…

　　例：

　　Facility manager: I assume you tried to reschedule your rehearsals, they don’t do construction work at night.

　　Student：I rang by the group, but there were too many… I mean evening are hard. It seems everyone in the choir always has plans, some even have classes at night.

　　围绕以上信息，具体考点如下：

　　Question：What does the woman imply about having rehearsals in the evening?

　　Answer：(D) Many students are not available in the evening

　　2.强调信息

　　语气强调是最重要的强调内容，由说话者的重音，停顿，重复等内容来决定。还有比较重要的是语义强调，其中一陈述句中加助动词最为常见。如下：

　　例：

　　“people did go to see the art. There are charcoal marks from their torches on the cave walls clearly dating from thousands of years after the painting were made. So we can tell people went there.”

　　围绕以上信息，具体考点如下：

　　Q: 　According to the professor, what is the significance of charcoal marks on the walls of the Chauvet cave?

　　A：(B)They prove that people came to the cave long after the paintings were made

　　3. 并列信息

　　信息词：and, also, as well as, and then, another, either … or, not just… but also

　　Now, there are a couple of factors that affect the amount of deformation that takes place or the speed of the glacier movement. For example, deformation is more likely to occur the thicker the ice is …. and temperature also plays a part there …

　　Q: What factors are involved in the amount of deformation a glacier undergoes?

　　Click on 2 answers

　　A: (A) The thickness of glacial ice

　　(D) The temperature of the glacial ice

　　4. 比较信息

　　如：”a number of the Chauvet paintings have been dated by a lab to 30, 000 or more years ago, that would make it not just older than any other cave arts but about twice as old as the art in the cave of Altamira and Lascaux.”

　　Q: What is the professor’s opinion about the art at the Chauvet cave?

　　Wrong answer: (D) It is probably not much older than they are at Lascaux and Altamira

　　5. 否定信息

　　“but work created outside the classroom, that can be a different story. I’m not talking about techniques or things like that.”

　　Q: What does the professor imply about photography created outside of the classroom

　　Wrong answer: (A) It is usually technically stronger than work created for a class

　　6. 因果信息

　　原因信号词：because, because of, due to, since, as, for, the reason is that…

　　结果信号词：so, so that, as a result, therefore, thereby, thus, hence, consequently…

　　“It does have some other impacts. In studies, we found that when it comes to reproduction. Freezing diminish the mating performance of males. After they have been frozen and thawed of course, they don’t seem quite as vocal, they move slower and they seem to have harder time recognizing its potential mate. So if the male frog could manage not to go through this freezing cycle, he probably have more success in mating.”

　　Q:　 What impact does freezing have on some thawed wood frogs?

　　A：　It reduces their ability to recognize potential mates

　　7. 问答信息

　　问答内容，经常以重听题的形式考查。也是考生特别要注意的。

　　“student: Excuse me, professor. I’ve got to ask how can solar energy work at night or on cloudy days?

　　Professor: That’s… Well… That is a really a good question.

　　Q: 　What does the professor mean when he says that: “Well… That is a really a good question.”

　　A: He thinks the student has raised an important issue.

　　8. 具体事例

　　信号词：for example, for instance

　　“ Well, you know Dolton’s. They make soup and can vegetables and such. Well the head of the company had the top executives of Dolton’s walk around supermarkets and asking shopper what they think Dolton’s soups.

　　Here is another example for you. Senior executives for clothing manufacturer, it was Elkin, Elkin Jeans, you know, they went and walked in the store for few days, selling Elkin’s clothes ….”

　　Q: 　Why does the professor mention Dalton’s soup and Elkin jeans?

　　A: 　To give examples of how the technique of MBWA is used in practice.

　　当然，具体细节内容还有很多，这里不一一列举。根据每一段录音内容的不同会千差万别。只要我们提升了英语听力的能力本身，就可以很好地区分说话者的主次信息，把握主题，掌握重要细节和具体细节，从而可以猜题并且正确地选出答案。

　　教师简介：苏林林 上海新航道雅思&托福&酷课英语主讲。毕业于东北大学英语专业，英语专业八级;曾担任新航道学校的助教主管并代表学校多次参加雅思托福研讨会。具有丰富的英语课程授课及辅导经验。