上海高考新题型：Summary写作（春考卷）

　　写好Summary的关键，首先在于对文章主要信息的提炼、以及勾勒出这些信息点的组织图（mind-mapping）。其次就是抓三个关键词：名词、动词、形容词/副词（分别对应名词和动词）。

　　以春季考卷为例。

Lascauxcave complex

　　When another oldcave is discovered in the south of France, it is not usually news. Rather, it is an ordinary event.Such discoveries are so frequent these days that hardly anybody pays heed to them. However, when theLascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940, the world was amazed. Painted directly on its wallswere hundreds of scenes showing how people lived thousands of years ago. The scenes show people hunting animals, such as bison or wild cats. Other images depict birds and, most noticeably, horses,which appear in more than 300 wall images, by far outnumbering all other animals.

　　Early artists drawing these animals accomplished a monumental and difficult task. They did not limit themselves to the easily accessible walls but carried their painting materials to spaces that required climbing steep walls or crawling into narrow passages in the Lascaux complex.

　　Unfortunately, the paintings have been exposed tothe destructive action of water and temperature changes, which easily wear the images away.Because the Lascaux caves have many entrances, air movement has also damaged the images inside.

　　Although they are not out in the open air,where natural lightwould have destroyed them long ago, many of the images have deteriorated and are barely recognizable. To prevent further damage, the site was closed to tourists in 1963, 23 years after it was discovered.

　　一个句子的功能，不外乎两个。

　　【叙事类】句中关键词，是名词和动词，最多加上状语成分的副词（包含介词短语）；

　　【描写类】句中关键词，是名词和形容词（包括起到同样描述作用的介词短语、分词）。

　　句子的相邻关系，一般遵循：事实（描述）+ 看法（评价）

　　根据独佳英语之前介绍的句子概括法：SVA（主谓状）是句子的核心信息。在阅读题中，干扰选项的设计，基本上是在一句话的这三处设陷阱。现在我们把这个原理用到summary写作中，也同理。

　　以本文为例：先按照传统的5Ws+H方式梳理信息如下：

　　1.【事实】the Lascaux cave complex was discovered in 1940

　　Lascaux系列岩洞被发现

　　2.【评论】the world was amazed

　　全世界震惊

　　3.【事实】Painted directly on its walls; how people lived--horses birds hunting

　　直接把当时人们的生活绘制在岩壁上

　　4.【评论】a monumental and difficult task

　　里程碑式、很不容易

　　5.【事实】been exposed to the destructive action, which easily wear the images away

　　暴露在各种破坏性因素中

　　6.【事实】water and temperature changes; air movement; natural light

　　包括水流、气温变化、空气、自然光

　　7.【事实】the site was closed to tourists in 1963

　　1963年封闭开放

　　至此，一个summary就有了：

　　The discovery of Lascaux cave complex in 1940 was amazing for its wall paintings of ancient people’s life and various animals. The task of painting them was monumental but difficult. Since they were exposed to and damaged by water, temperature changes, air movement and natural light, the site was closed to tourists in 1963. (54 words)

　　注意这里面的关键词：