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The manus of the eight extant Latin tragedies identify the plays as the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae. Since nobody of that name is known, modern scholars believe the dramas to be the work of Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger, the well-known philosopher, orator, and politician. Clearly, the tragedies were written during Seneca’s lifetime: internal references to earlier poets, most notably Ovid, indicate that the dramas cannot have been composed prior to the second decade C.E., and the plays must have been written by 96 C.C., when Quintilian quotes Medea, one of the tragedies.
It is remarkable, however, that Seneca himself never mentions the plays, since there are certainly passages in them that could be used to illustrate points of his philosophy. There are at least two possible explanations. In the early Roman Empire, playwrights were sometimes exiled or executed for lines construed as directed against the emperor; thus, Seneca’s silence may be simple prudence. But if anyone could safely attach his name to dramas, surely it would be Seneca, the emperor’s tutor. And although Herrmann offers Seneca’s modesty as an explanation, Seneca is not averse to referring to his other writings. The evidence for equating Seneca with the author of the tragedies seems circumstantial.
1. The author mentions Medea primarily in order to
A：Given an example of a play in which references to certain authors can be used to determine when the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae were composed.
B：Acknowledge the possibility that the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae may have been written by Quintilian rather than Seneca.
C：Suggest that certain of the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae may have been written near the end of Seneca’s lifetime.
D：Argue that Marci may have been one of the last of the eight plays in the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae to be written.
E：Indicate how the latest possible date for the time period during which the Marci Lucii Annei Senecae Tragoediae were composed might be established.
答案：E
2. The author of the passage makes which of the following claims about the eight extant Latin tragedies?
A：There is only circumstantial evidence that the plays were all written by the same author.
B：Scholars have persistently attributed the plays to Seneca despite evidence that some of them may have been composed prior to his lifetime.
C：Evidence in the manus of the plays identifies them as having been written by Lucius Annaeus Seneca the Younger.
D：The plays contain some lines that have been construed as being directed against the emperor.
E：The plays contain material that could illustrate certain aspects of Seneca’s philosophy.
答案：E
3. The author of the passage would most likely agree that if Seneca had in fact written the tragedies, then Seneca probably would have
A：Used the plays as platforms for his philosophical ideas.
B：Referred to the plays in some of his other writings.
C：Been in danger of exile or execution for certain lines in the plays.
D：Avoided attaching his name to be the plays out of modesty.
E：Written the plays during the latter portion of his lifetime.
答案：B
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