2
六级答案
Part I
Witing
Want to be a small fish in a big pond or the other way round? Every graduate faces this question when he starts his career. Some prefer to stay in the big cities after graduation. To them, big cities mean more experiences, more opportunities to see the big world and more space for career development. At the same time, higher salary is another temptation.
But some other graduates want to start in small towns. Even though there may not be many big companies, they can have a quieter and less competitive life. Another reason is they can be a big fish in a small pond. They can easily get the management’s attention and may win promotion earlier.
As far as I am concerned, I prefer to start in a big city like Shanghai. A good begin is half the battle, and in Shanghai I can find a job in a big company where I can meet people from different places and cultures. I will learn from them what I can not get from textbooks.
Part II
1-4 DBCC
5-8 ABCB
9-11 ACA
12-15 CAAD
16-19 CBBA
20-22 BBB
23-25 DAC
Section A
W: Hi, Professor. I was wondering if I could ask you something.
M: Of course. How may I be of assistance?
W: Well, I’m taking your developmental psychology class, and I didn’t do so well on the first exam. Well, I guess I did okay, but I’m not really satisfied with my grade. And I was wondering if you might be able to help me figure out how to bring it up for the next exam.
M: All right, well what did you get on the exam?
W: I got a B-. But I studied really hard, and I really need an A in this class for my graduate school application.
M: All right, well a B- isn’t bad for the first exam. But since you’re determined, let’s figure out how you can get an A on the next two exams. That should bring your pretty close to an A for the class. And really, if you participate in class, I’ll take that into account also. I mean, participation does count for, um, I think ten percent of your grade.
W: Okay, I’ll try to participate more.
M: Great! That’s an easy stem to take. All right, so what did you do to study for this exam?
W: Well, um, I went over all of my lecture notes a few times and paid attention to, um, to definitions and theories. Oh! And I memorized Piaget’s stages of development.
M: Well, that’s a good start. And Piaget definitely came up on the exam a few times. What you should do for the next exam is talk to my teaching assistant for the class. I’ve given her old copies of exams from previous semesters, so you should try to, well, practice with those. And if you miss some of the stuff on those exams, well, then you know what you need to work on for the actual one.
W: Really? I can do that？I never knew that was an option!
M: You can certainly do that.
W: Thanks, Professor. And I promise to participate more in class also. M: Great! Student participation is my favorite part of my job. Good luck with everything!
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
1. What is this conversation mostly about?
2. What is one suggestion the professor makes to the student?
3. What is one thing the student did to study for this exam?
4. What is the professor’s favorite part of his job?
Conversation Two
W: Dr. Thomas? This is Keet Bradley from the daily news. I'd like to ask you some questions about the new official standard weight that you purchased.
M: I'd be happy to help you. What would you like to know?
W: First of all, how was the standard weight used?
M: Well, the people in our department use it to check the scales all over the country. The department of weights and measures, we are a government agency. It's our responsibility to see that all the scales measure a kilogram accurately so this is the way we use to adjust the scales.
W: How did you check the scales before?
M: We have an old standard weight that we used to use. It had to be replaced because it was imprecise. You see it was made of poor quality metal that was too porous. It absorbed too much moisture.
W: Oh. So when the weather was humid it weighed more and when it was dry it weighed less.
M: Exactly. And that variation can affect the standards of the whole country. So our department had the new weight made out of a higher quality metal.
W: How much did it cost?
M: About 45 thousand dollars.
W: 45,000 dollars? For a one kilogram weight? That's more expensive than gold. Is it really worth that much?
M: I'm sure it is. Industries depend on our government agency to monitor the accuracy of scales so that when they buy and sell their products there is one standard. Think of the drug industry, for example, those companies rely on high accuracy scales to manufacture and package medicine.
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
5. What is the conversation mainly about?
6. How was the weight used?
7. Why was it necessary to replace the old standard weight?
8. What does Dr. Thomas probably think about the cost of the new weight?
Section B
Passage One
I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia. Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States. On January 9th, 1793, at ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country. According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey. Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site. They're at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they'll drift off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain weather that day. There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions. Our launch promises to be nothing less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high. It's inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and, unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive. Gas-filled models are pretty uncommon now because of the extremely high cost. So the eighty other balloons in today's launch are hot air. These balloons are from all over the country.
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.
9. What is the purpose of the balloon launch?10. What problem might today's pilots encounter?
11. What does the speaker imply about helium balloons?
Passage Two
Welcome to Yellow Stone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I’d like to give you a short history of our national park service. The national park service began in the late 1800s. A small group of explorers had just completed a month long exploration of the region that is now Yellow Stone. They gathered around the campfire and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone so they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone s enjoyment. Two years later, in the late 19th century, an act of congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant, proclaimed the Yellow Stone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellow Stone became a public park, many other areas of great scenic importance were set aside. And in 1916 the national park service was established to manage these parks. As a park ranger, I am an employee of the national park service. In the national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help with visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours and campfire talks are offered by specially trained staff members. The park service also protect the animals and plants within the parks.
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. What do we learn about the speaker?
13. According to the speaker, who originated the idea of the public park?
14. What does the speaker say about Yellow Stone national park?
15. According to the speaker, what is one of the duties of a park ranger？
Section C
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.
Radio Host:
Today we're fortunate to have with us Alexander Downey, author of “Surviving the Workplace”. Alexander is going to talk to us about confrontation in the workplace.
Alexander:
Thank you. It’s wonderful to be here today. Confrontation, particularly within a work setting, is not something that most people want to think about but since all of us have to do it at some time or another, it’s best to be prepared. There are three simple steps that you need to follow when engaging in a confrontation. First of all, you need to set a time. You need to give yourself a date and time so that you don’t continue to avoid the problem. Next, you need to be prepared. Decide exactly what the issue is and what you’re going to say. Finally, you need to watch your body language. Don’t make the other person feel defensive.
If you avoid an issue at work, it can make you passive-aggressive and can destroy your relationship. Stop hiding your feelings behind a smiling face and organise a face-to-face meeting away from other staff to discuss the problem.
Don’t go into a meeting without a plan. Decide exactly what the problem is and what outcome you would like. It’s a good idea to practise speaking to yourself or to a friend in a calm way, without blaming the other person. Use phrases such as "I feel" so that it’s not a personal attack.
There’s no easy way to start this kind of conversation but don’t start on a negative note. Approach the person as nicely as possible, in a helpful way. Your body language is very important in conveying a supportive, rather than attacking, atmosphere. Instead of sitting with your arms or legs crossed, sit in a more open position, nod and lean forward slightly.
Remember that you don’t have to do all of the talking. Make sure that you listen actively and repeat what the person says, Aside from making the other person feel that you are thinking of his or her best interests, it helps you to remain calm and stops you from getting emotional. If you lose your temper, it’s all over.
Radio Host:
Okay, let’s take some calls from our listeners...
16. Why do you need to set a time?
17. Why is body language important?
18. What consequence will it cause by avoiding a problem at work?
19. Under what circumstances can you meet with someone?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.Good afternoon, everyone. Today we are going to discuss the issue of ethical leadership in education. As many of you are studying this course to help you attain leadership positions within your skills this is certainly a relevant topic. As leaders your obligation is not only to provide education but to assist students in moving pass obstacles that prevent them from having the opportunity for such education. Effect as inhibit education are identified it creates an ethical obligation. Leaders in such a context need to be ethical because they are in a position to be. They are adverse education and are obliged to act from a moral position. Humans are social by nature and community is important. So conduct is learnt through other’s actions making a leadership extremely important.
According to some researchers there are 4 aspects of being an ethical leader, authenticity, intention, spirituality, and sensibility. So we know what an ethical leader is, but how does he/she approach education. Most researchers agree that ethical leaders need to adopt an ecological approach to education. This includes being aware of a learner’s domestic situation. Becoming knowledgeable about the national education policies of a country and having an understanding of the social, political and historical context. Some researchers suggest taking a macro approach to education, which involves implementing of variety of teaching techniques.
In addition to changing the teaching practices implemented within a skill, ethical leaders need to apply measurement indicators and feedbacks system to transform the needs and wishes of students into product specifications and working criteria. Staffs also need to be given knowledge through regular training sessions. It is a leader’s duty to recognize training needs provide resources and ensure that on-going training is available to all members of staff. This is particularly true as teaching materials and techniques are constantly being
up-dated.
It is also important that ethical leaders elicit participation and commitment from members of their organization. This is based on trust and takes time to achieve, but subordinates respond to a leader who is honest, and has the intention of preserving all state hold interest. Within this concept is the idea of exchanging information and encouraging empathy among members of staff. OK, let’s take a look at the table on page 210 of your text book.
20. What is the lecture mainly about?
21. What does the speaker say is important to human beings?
22. What does a macro approach to teaching involve?
Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.
China is the homeland of tea. It is believed that China has tea-shrubs as early as five to six thousand years ago, and human cultivation of teaplants dates back two thousand years. Tea has been one of the daily necessities in China since time immemorial. Countless numbers of people like to have their aftermeal cup of tea.
In summer or warm climate, tea seems to dispel the heat and bring on instant cool together with a feeling of relaxation. For this reason, tea-houses abound in towns and market villages in South China and provide elderly retirees with the locales to meet and chat over a cup of tea.
Medically, the tea leaf contains a number of chemicals, of which 20-30% is tannic acid, known for its anti-inflammatory and germicidal properties. It also contains an alkaloid (5%, mainly caffeine), a stimulant for the nerve centre and the process of metabolism. Tea with the aromatics in it may help resolve meat and fat and thus promote digestion. It is, therefore, of special importance to people who live mainly on meat, like many of the ethnic minorities in China. A popular proverb among them says, "Rather go without salt for three days than without tea for a single day."
Tea is also rich in various vitamins and, for smokers, it helps to discharge nicotine out of the system. After wining, strong tea may prove to be a sobering pick-me-up.
The above, however, does not go to say that the stronger the tea, the more advantages it will yield. Too much tannic acid will affect the secretion of the gastric juice, irritate the membrane of the stomach and cause indigestion or constipation. Strong tea taken just before bedtime will give rise to occasional insomnia. Constant drinking of over-strong tea may induce heart and blood-pressure disorders in some people, reduce the milk of a breast-feeding mother, and put a brown colour on the teeth of young people. But it is not difficult to ward off these undesirable effects: just don't make your tea too strong.
23. Why do people in warm areas like to drink tea?
24. What does the passage say about people of some ethnic minorities?
25. What is the speaker’s advice to avoid the side effects of over-strong tea?
Part III
Section A
36-45 A E G C F D N O M H
Section B
46-55：答案解析
本文主要介绍了我们平常所见所用的纸的复杂性，通过介绍用木头和破布料造纸的过程，使我们对纸的类别、属性有了更深入的了解。
46.B
根据题干中的信息提示词corn—flake packet,high grade card,可定位到文章第二段，该部分最后提到corn-flake packet在制造过程中比高等级的纸(high grade card)便宜.
47.C
根据题干中的信息提示词soft wood，cotton and rags，可定位到文章第三段最后一句。
48.D
根据题干中的信息提示词final product，可将答案定位到D段，第二、三句提到最后的产品来源于纤维素纸浆。
49.D
根据题干中的信息提示词white paper and card，可将答案定位到D段，该部分最后提到为了得到白纸，纸张生产者在制造过程中添加了漂白粉和其他化学物质。
50.E
根据题干中的信息提示词essential for the tree，可将答案定位到E段，该部分提到木质素是木头的主要组成物，其作用是凝聚纤维素，但它会使纸张变得易碎。
51.F
根据题干中的信息提示词lignin，可将答案定位到F段，该部分最后提到许多纸张生产者在生产过程中会保留木质素，主要是因为它会增加树木的造纸产量。
52.G
根据题干中的信息提示词acid，可将答案定位到G段，该部分最后提到酸对相纸的原料尤其不利。
53.F
根据题干中的信息提示词lignin和paper可定位到文章的F段，因为该段提到，如果在纸张的生产中去除木质素，将会降低树木出产纸张的量，由此可以知道，去除了木质素的纸张价格必定会更加昂贵。
54.K
根据题干中的信息提示词cotton and rag waste可定位到文章的K段，该部分告诉我们，尽管用棉花和破布料造的纸里没有木质素，但它们要比木制的纸贵很多，这是因为棉花和破布料的数量比树木少得多，由此可以得出答案。
55.M
根据题干中的信息提示词Paper from Ra9可定位到文章的最后一段，该部分提出最好到专业的供应商那里去买档案材料，由此可以得出答案。
Section C
56-60 DBCCB
61-65 BDADC
Translation
【参考译文】
The doctor-patient relationship is a human interaction, and doctors are human too. They don’t want to upset their patients, and neither do they want their patients to look unhappy or shed tears. But they also need to be professionals, so they need to find out an effective way of communicating.
That’s critical for doctors to realize, because as well-intentioned as their lies may be, studies show that patients prefer the truth, and would rather hear bad news than remain ignorant about a terrible physical condition. Being fully informed is a way that patients can cope and prepare for whatever might occur.
编辑：英语协会信息中心
Marvin