译 文 导 读
近
年来，玉林狗肉节引起了大家广泛的关注。玉林人认为，夏至吃狗肉、喝荔枝酒可以“以毒攻毒”（狗肉和荔枝食性均为热性），是一种传统。爱狗人士认为，狗是人类的朋友，狗肉节应该被取消。究竟应该“保护传统”还是应该“尊重动物”？
双 语 精 读
Animal welfare
动物福利
Dog Days of Summer
夏 日 炎 炎
Man bites dog
人“咬”狗
The Economist | China | Jul 6th 2017
Translated by ffff��zzzz
Proofread by Lacy，傅程岑
Reviewed by Ennis, W
Edited by W
IN LATE June, thousands of people throngthe streets of Yulin, a city in the southern province of Guangxi, for an annual dog-eating festival. The event is controversial worldwide. Animal-welfare groups claim that 15,000 dogs are inhumanely slaughtered for the occasion every year, most of them pets or strays.
6月下旬，成千上万的人涌向玉林（位于中国南部的广西省）的街头，参加一年一度的狗肉节。这一活动在全球颇具争议。动物福利组织宣称狗肉节当天有15,000只狗被残忍地杀害，其中大多数是宠物狗或者流浪狗。
The festival is contentious in China, too. Thousands of people protest online against the festival and demand that dog meat be made illegal, as it has been in Taiwan—in April the island became the first Asian country to ban eating or trading the meat of dogs and cats. Dog-meat sellers in Yulin respond that eating dogs is no different from killing and consuming any other domestic animal. Yulin’s government shuttles back and forthbetween competing views. Rumours flew that this year it would close down the festival. In the end, it did not. State media quoted local officials as saying they had issued no such order.
此活动在中国也备受争议。成千上万的人在网上抗议，强烈要求像台湾一样将吃或贩卖狗肉划入违法行为。今年4月，台湾岛成为亚洲首个禁止食用和买卖狗（猫）肉的地区。玉林的狗肉贩子回应说吃狗肉和宰杀、买卖其他家禽一样，毫无区别。玉林政府在争论中摇摆不定。有传言说，今年狗肉节会被取消，但最后仍如期举行。官方媒体引用当地官员的说法称，并未下达过这样的命令。
Key Words
1. Throng
to go to (a place) in a large group or in large numbers
e.g. Shoppers thronged the mall for the sales.
2. Shuttle
[SYN] commute
to travel frequently between two places
shuttle between/back and forth
e.g. Susan shuttles between Rotterdam and London for her job.
Notes
1．Jiangsu Province，Fujian Province 等前面没有 the。但 Province of Jiangsu，Province of Fujian 等前面必须有 the。
2．the provinces 指首都以外的全部国土。
3．不可用 province 指英国的郡（county）或美国的州（state）。但在加拿大用 province。
In traditional rural China, dogs were guardians or herders, not so often food. In the biggest cities, pet ownership is soaring, as is concern for animal welfare. But in the swathes of China that are neither traditional nor modern, where regulations are elastic and crime is common, the dog-meat market is thriving. It is a case study in unfinished modernisation.
在遵循传统的中国农村，狗被当作家庭的守护者或者“牧羊人”，而不是日常食物。在大都市，养宠物的人数量飙升，人们对动物福利的关注度也随之与日俱增。但是在中国还有大片的既不遵循传统又不发达的地区，这些地区规章制度“灵活”，犯罪司空见惯，狗肉市场正蓬勃发展。在未竟的现代化过程中，这种现象值得研究。
Key Words
Traditional
following ideas and methods that have existed for a long time, rather than doing anything new or different遵循传统的;
[SYN] conventional
e.g. traditional family values
Dog meat is not taboo in China, as it is in most Western countries. But, says Guo Peng of Shandong University, eating dogs has always been uncommon, except in parts of the south and among the ethnic Korean minority, who number 2.3m and mostly live in the north-east. Many Chinese, she says, regard dog meat as a kind of medicine that can regulate the heat of the body. But they do not treat it as a main source of protein. This view is consistent witha survey in 2016 by Dataway Horizon, a polling firm, for a Chinese NGO, Capital Animal Welfare Association. It found that about 70% of Chinese people said they had never eaten dog. Of those who said they had, most claimed it was not by active choice, but because the meat had been served to them on a social occasion.
狗肉在中国不像在大多西方国家一样是一种禁忌。但是，山东大学的郭鹏（音译）说，除了南方部分地区和主要居住在东北地区的230万朝鲜族人之外，吃狗肉一直以来都并不常见。她说，许多中国人将狗肉视作一种调节身体热能的药，而不是将其作为一种主要的蛋白质来源。这种观点和2016年零点有数（Dataway Horizon） 调查公司为中国非政府组织首都动物福利组织（Capital Animal Welfare Association）。所做的一项调查的结果一致。调查结果显示，约70%的中国人说他们从未吃过狗肉。而大部分吃过狗肉的人也表明，吃狗肉并不是他们的主动选择，而是因为社交场合提供狗肉。
Key words
Be consistent with sth
if a fact, idea etc is consistent with another one, it seems to match it与某事物相一致，与某事物相吻合:
e.g. The results are consistent with earlier research.
Notes
Dataway Horizon
零点有数（原零点研究咨询集团，Dataway Horizon）是源自中国的国际化数据智能服务机构，旗下包括创新数据开发中心、公共事务数据事业群、商业数据事业群、未来商习院。零点有数累积自零点调查创办以来20多年一手数据收集与处理的经验，拥有服务于国内外规模企业、初创企业与公共服务机构的多元实践，聚焦产品互联网化与服务互联网化，基于多元数据汇集与挖掘，支持经济、社会、文化与政策决策。
Over the past two decades, however, dog meat, like drugs, has become a source of criminal income, according to Ms Guo. Sellers in Yulin and elsewhere say their meat comes from dog farms. But when animal-welfare groups have tried to inspect such farms, they have usually been unable to find any. In late June activists intercepted a lorry carrying 1,300 dogs, apparently destined for sale as meat in Yulin (one of the rescued animals is pictured). They suspect many were stolen pets.
根据郭女士的说法，在过去的20年间，狗肉就像毒品一样，成为了犯罪收入的来源。玉林和其他地方的狗肉贩子声称他们的狗肉来自于养狗厂。但是当动物福利组织的成员尝试走访那些养殖场时，他们往往找不到几个。6月下旬，活动者拦截了一辆载有1300只狗的货车，显然这些狗是销往玉林作为狗肉的（图中是获救动物之一）。他们怀疑其中大多数是被偷的宠物狗。
Ms Guo has carried out rare research into the dog-meat market, focusing on the coastal province of Shandong. Most of the meat, she found, came from criminals who were going from village to village, using crossbows to shoot dogs with poisoned darts. Some of the hunters were equipped with infrared sights. The meat became contaminated by the poison, but since the business was unregulated, this did not matter to the dealers. Between 2007 and 2011 a third of the dogs in one village, Yaojia, were stolen. Almost every household lost at least one animal.
郭女士主要针对沿海省份山东省展开了一次罕见的关于狗肉市场的研究。她发现大多数狗肉来自犯罪分子，他们流窜于乡村之间，用携带有毒飞镖的弹弓射杀狗，一些偷猎者还配备红外线瞄准器具。由于这项生意不受监管，所以即使狗肉受到毒素感染，对于狗肉贩子来说也并不重要。在2007到2011年间，姚家村（音译）三分之一的狗被偷，几乎每个家庭都至少丢了一只。
In for a hound
猎犬
Hunters got about 10 yuan ($1.30) per kilo of meat, so a medium-sized dog might be worth 70-80 yuan. One hunter interviewed by Ms Guo was a young man raising money to get married. He was making 200 yuan a day, an average income. The meat was shippedto the north-east. Hunters in Shandong and in the neighbouring province of Henan are now thought to supply a large share of China’s dog meat. Since it is stolen, it is cheap to produce. It is more expensive than pork or chicken, but is affordable for many people.
猎犬者每公斤狗肉能获利10元（1.3美元），因此一个中等个头的狗大概可以卖到70到80元。其中一个被郭女士采访的猎犬者是一个正在筹钱准备结婚的年轻小伙子。他一天平均能挣200元。这些肉运往东北地区。如今，在山东和邻近的河南省周围活动的猎犬者所供应的狗肉已占据大部分中国狗肉市场。因为是偷来的狗，所以生产成本低廉。狗肉比猪肉和鸡肉贵，但大多数人能够承担这个价格。
Key Words
Ship
to send something, usually a large object or a large quantity of objects or people, to a place far away 运输，运送
[SYN] send, transport
e.g. We ship books out to New York every month.
The combination of non-existent regulation and consumer-friendly prices has helped to create a far larger dog-meat market than ever existed in the past. The Yulin festival reflects this recent development. Though its supporters call it a traditional event, the first festival took place in 2009.
对狗肉市场监管的缺失以及狗肉价格的低廉，使得狗肉市场空前繁荣。玉林狗肉节反映了最近狗肉市场的发展趋势。虽然狗肉节的支持者称之为传统“节日”，但始于2009年。
Richer parts of China, meanwhile, are adopting more Western attitudes. In Beijing there has been a big increase in dog ownership. Dog-lovers sometimes clashwith hunters and meat-sellers.
与此同时，中国发达地区则更多地采取西方的态度。北京养狗者数量激增，爱狗人士有时会和猎犬者以及狗肉贩子发生冲突。
Notes
Clash
在三种不同的情况下含义略有不同：
（1）主语是多个或复数，动词的体可以是第一类或第四类，意义是“彼此冲突”。【例如】People's views vary and even clash in many ways. 人们的见解各有不同而且在许多方面相互冲突。
（2）主语是单个，动词的体是第四类，意义是“（同另一方）冲突”。【例如】Youths clashed with police in the streets. 青年人和警察在街上发生了冲突。
（3）主语是一个集合体，动词的体是第四类，意义是“（内部）发生冲突”。【例如】SENATE CLASHES ON WAR POLICY（报纸标题）参议院在战争问题上发生争执。
Notes
从“体”的角度来划分，动词大体上可以分成四类。这是匈牙利裔加拿大语言学家Zeno Vendler (1921—2004) 在 1967 年提出来的，至今尽管经过许多人的修改补充，仍然大体上为语言学界所公认。这四类是：
1.状态动词（states）
例如： know,love,have,want,belong,contain,exist等。代表一种无变化的延续状态。第一类动词通常不能用进行时态。
2.活动动词 (activities)
例如：walk, swim, play, write, read, listen, rain等。代表一种陆续发生变化但没有必然终点的延续过程。
3.趋成动词（accomplishments，亦有译为“终结动词”的）
例如：build，persuade，prepare，get ready, recover, grow up等。 趋成动词既有延续性，又有瞬时性，代表一个进行一段时间必然达到终点而停止的动作或事件过程，既有一段动作的延续过程，又有最后瞬时的终点。
4.达成动词（achievements）
例如：kill ,drop,catch,arrive,find,lose等，是一下子就发生并即时结束的动作或事件。
In Mao’s day, dog ownership by city dwellers was condemned as a “symbol of decadence” and strays were shot on sight. In the capital dogs were banned until 1994 and strictly licensed until 2003. Since then, a relaxation of the rules has allowed ownership to grow by 25% a year, bringing the total number of registered dogs to more than 2m in 2016, says the Public Security Bureau, which issues dog-keeping permits. According to Mary Peng of the International Centre for Veterinary Services, a charity, only 50-60% of dogs in the city and 30% of those in suburbs are licensed. So, she reckons, there may be 4m-6m dogs in Beijing, more than five times as many as in London or New York.
在建国初期，城市居民养狗被谴责为“堕落的象征”，而流浪狗被当场射杀。首都北京在1994年以前一直禁止养狗；在2003年以前需要严格颁发执照。根据发放养狗许可证的公安局公布的数据，放宽规定之后，养狗者数量每年增长25%，到2016年，已登记注册的狗的数量超过了200万。据慈善机构国际兽医服务中心的Mary Peng说，市区中只有50-60%的狗有执照，而郊区中仅有30%的狗有执照。所以，她估计北京大约有400万到600万只狗，比伦敦或纽约养狗数量的5倍还多。
Key words
Decadence
the state of being degenerate in mental or moral qualities
e.g. It occurred to Comrade Pillai that this generation was perhaps paying for its forefathers’ bourgeois decadence.
Regulations are still onerous. In the inner city of Beijing a dog licence costs 500 yuan a year—almost ten times as much as in New York. The price includes a rabies shot but is still considered steep. Many owners refuse to register their hounds, leading to worries about disease. According to the World Health Organisation, China has the world’s second-highest death toll from rabies after India—around 2,000-3,000 human fatalities a year. In an attempt to reduce dog numbers and unregistered animals, the capital has joined some other Chinese cities in adopting a one-dog policy: only a single poochmay be registered per household.
规章制度仍然很繁锁。在北京市中心，一个养狗执照每年要花费500元，几乎是纽约的10倍。尽管这个价钱包括一支狂犬疫苗，但仍然被认为很贵。许多狗主人拒绝注册他们的猎犬，从而引发了人们对狂犬病的担忧。根据世界卫生组织（的统计），中国每年大约有2000到3000人死于狂犬病，位于世界第二，仅次于印度。为了减少狗的数量和未登记的狗，北京联合中国其他的城市采取了“一狗政策”：每个家庭只能登记注册一只狗。
Key Words
Onerousadj.
not easily borne; wearing
e.g. One triple tackle summed up how onerous a task it was even to try to keep track.
Pooch
1) n. informal terms for dogs
2) v.round one's lips as if intending to kiss
[SYN] pooch out
Activists from Beijing have caused traffic jams by stopping lorries carrying dogs to slaughterhouses. Last November, they persuaded China’s largest food-delivery company to stop carrying dog-meat meals. In May Zhang Xiaohai of AITA, China’s first registered animal-welfare organisation, went to Yulin to try to encourage local opposition to the festival. He said officials told him that they knew the event was harming the city’s reputation and contributing to the spread of rabies, but were reluctant to ban it. (The local government says it is not involved in the festival.)
来自北京的活动者因为阻止货车运输狗到屠宰场而造成了交通拥堵。去年11月，他们说服了中国最大的食品供应公司停止运输狗肉饭。5月，它基金——中国首个注册的动物福利组织——的张小海（音译）前往玉林，试图鼓动玉林当地人反对狗肉节。他说当地官员告诉他，他们知道狗肉节正在损害玉林的声誉并且助长了狂犬病的传播，但他们不愿意禁止这一活动。（当地政府说他们并没有参与其中）。
Notes
北京爱它动物保护公益基金会（简称它基金），2011年5月正式成立，在北京市民政局注册。前身是“中国动物保护动物记者沙龙”，成员都是各家媒体的记者、编辑，立志于倡导“善待动物，尊重生命 ”理念的认同与传播及推动中国动物保护法的出台。
China has no national animal-welfare laws. For years the National People’s Congress, China’s rubber-stampparliament, has discussed one; this year the idea got more public backing than any other proposed legislation, to judge by comments on the government’s news website. But nothing has come of it. China’s dog lovers and dog-meat lovers will be snarlingat each other for a while to come.
中国缺少全国性的动物福利法律。多年来，全国人民代表大会例行讨论了一个相关议案；从政府新闻网站的评论来看，今年关于动物福利立法的议案得到的公众支持比其他任何立法提案都要多。但是仍然无果。中国的爱狗者和爱狗肉者将在接下来的一段时间内互相纠缠。
Key Words
1. Rubber-stamp
to approve or allow (something) without seriously thinking about it
e.g. They expected the proposal to be rubber-stamped by the legislature.
2. Snarl
to say something in an angry or annoyed way
e.g. “Get back to work,” she snarled.
文 章 结 构
1 开篇直切主题， 对比了狗肉节支持者和爱狗人士之间态度的差异。
2 过渡段，阐明狗狗目前在国内的处境，引出下文郭鹏女士的言论及调查研究。
3 概括中国吃狗肉的人的地域分布及吃狗肉的原因。
4 揭露了狗肉市场间的黑色交易。
5-6 郭鹏所做的有关狗肉市场的调查研究的相关发现。
7-8 进一步总结狗肉市场空前繁荣的原因，对比不同地区人们不同的态度。
9-10 以首都北京为例，详细说明了中国养狗趋势的变化及养狗注册登记制度的变迁，阐述了养狗的现状。
11 概述了爱狗人士为保护狗而做出的各种努力。
12 总结段，表明中国缺少动物福利福利相关法案，有关动物福利立法还有相当长的一段路要走。
读 者 互 动
Dog daysnoun [ plural ]
the hottest time of the year
e.g. The kids used to go swimming every afternoon during the dog days of summer.
所以文章标题Dog days of summer 指夏日炎炎，但是结合全文翻译成《夏天的“狗日子”》也许妙趣横生，这里怎么翻译会更好，欢迎留言！
译 者 介 绍
ffff��zzzz
一名处于浅度迷茫中的待就业烟酒僧，语言学习爱好者。想越过山丘看那人、那山、那狗，却囿于一方书桌看这书、这文、这稿。爱阅读看报，爱美食烹饪，邮箱：ursulayolanda@163.com 欢迎批评指正，学习交流。