)我国抗生素使用量占全球一半
6月11日，中国科学院广州地球化学研究所应光国课题组发布的一项研究结果显示，2013年中国抗生素总使用量约为16.2万吨，其中48%为人用抗生素，其余为兽用抗生素。而且，中国东部的抗生素排放量密度是西部流域的6倍以上。抗生素滥用的顽疾再次引发关注。
A recent research from Chinese Academy of Sciences shows that the total usage of antibiotics in China has reached 162,000 tons, which takes up to half of the total global usage.
肖永红说，耐药性是目前全球最紧迫的公共卫生问题之一，我国的形势尤为严峻。英国研究显示，如果找不到应对耐药菌的办法，到2050年，每年会因此多死亡1000万人，并造成100万亿美元损失。
The preion drug abuse that is leading to rising levels of antibiotic resistance across the country has always been a problem in China.
数据显示，中国每年有超过8万人因耐药性死亡。据英国抗菌药物耐药评估委员会估计，如果目前的情况得不到改善，到2050年，中国将有100万人因此死亡。
According to a research from Britain, If no efficient solution found for the antibiotic resistance, over 10 million people across the world will die and a loss of 100 tillion U.S dollars will occur until 2050.
And 80,000 people in China will also die of the antibiotic resistance each year and approximately one million people will die accumulatively from now to 2050.
抗生素滥用导致耐药菌“肆虐”
事实上，在应光国课题组之前，已有多项研究表明抗生素滥用的严重程度。今年4月，上海复旦大学公共卫生学院对江苏、浙江、上海等地1000多名8~11岁在校儿童进行尿液检验，结果显示：近六成儿童的尿液中含有抗生素。2014年5月，华东理工大学等机构发表的研究报告称，我国地表水中含有68种抗生素。
According to a research from Shanghai Fudan University, the urine samples from over 1000 primary school children shows nearly 60% of the samples contain antibiotics.
A report from the Chinese Science Bulletin also said high concentrations of antibiotics also have been found in major Chinese rivers last year.
肖永红说，环境中含有抗生素，主要会产生两大后果：
Xiao said the antibiotic in our living environment like "invisible enemies" to humans and there are two major consequences.
第一，直接损害人体健康。环境中残留的抗菌药可能通过食物链进入人体，而且抗菌药属于化学药物，人类长期暴露在含有抗菌药的环境中，对身体健康不利，比如儿童长期暴露在抗菌药环境中，患肥胖、哮喘的几率将增加。
First, it will directly damage human health. For those who are frequently exposed to antibiotics, he or she will more chance to suffer from obesity and asthma.
第二，加重耐药难题。抗菌药杀死的是敏感菌，耐药菌却可能“安然无恙”，继续在细菌、动物和人类之间传播。美国一项研究发现，耐药菌甚至可以通过空气传播。数据显示，青霉素、头孢菌素、红霉素等老牌抗菌药的耐药率不断增高
Second, the antibiotic drug kills sensitive bacteria but not the drug resistance bacteria. A research from the U.S found that the drug resistance bacteria can even spread through air. So now some traditional antibiotics, such as penicillin and erythromycin, has an increasing rate of drug resistance.
预防滥用人人有责
“防止抗生素滥用，绝不只是国家和医生的事儿。”肖永红说，每个人都应承担相应的责任。国家卫生、农业等有关部门应加强监管，并根据国情及时修订管理方法；医生应时刻紧绷耐药性这根弦，慎重开含有抗生素的处方单。
Xiao said that every Chinese residents should be aware of the threat bring by the antibiotic abuse and take the antibiotic pills strictly according to doctor's preion.
China now is stepping up efforts to crack down on widespread preion drug abuse that is leading to rising levels of antibiotic resistance across the country.
老百姓也要摆正心态，意识到滥用抗生素将给自己甚至整个人类带来威胁，要严格遵医嘱使用抗菌药。
In the latest move to tackle the problem, the Ministry of Health has launched a nationwide surveillance system to document cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria at 1,349 large public hospitals across China mainland.
全国合理用药监测系统专家孙忠实教授表示，针对基层医疗机构滥用抗生素的情况，要加大各级管理部门的监管力度，制订更严格的开药制度，提高基层医生的技术培训和工资待遇，避免他们为追求经济利益开抗生素。
There will also be closer monitoring of the system that keeps track of doctors' preions of antibiotics at public hospitals. In a statement, the WHO also warned that millions of people with gonorrhea could be at risk of running out of treatment options unless urgent action is taken.
如何正确使用抗生素
美国疾病控制和预防中心（CDC）发布了关于抗生素使用的最新提示。
Center for Disease Control and Prevention in the U.S has released a guide tells patient how to properly use antibiotics.
1.如果医生为你开了抗生素处方，就应严格遵医嘱用，不要自己减量或随意停药。
If a doctor gives you an antibiotic preion, you should do it accordingly. Don't reduce the drug use according to your own will.
2.治疗时，只服医生开的抗生素，不要随便吃其他来源的抗生素。因为不同的抗生素治疗不同的感染类型，用错不仅延误治疗，还会造成细菌大量繁殖，加重病情。
During the treatment, patient should only take the antibiotics prescribed by his or her doctor. Do not take any other antibiotics at the same time. Since difference antibiotic treatment may create more bacteria and prolong the cure process.
3.不要储备抗生素用于今后的疾病。
Don't reserve any antibiotics for later use.
4.平时正确洗手，保持手部卫生和注射疫苗可有效预防感染。
Wash your hands correctly and keep your hands clean.
5.牢记抗生素有副作用，不要主动向医生要求开抗生素。当医生认为不需用抗生素时，常意味着此时用弊大于利。
Remember the side effects of antibiotics and do not ask for it when doctor don't want to prescribe it for you.
版权所有：CRITheBeijingHour英语新闻
我来说两句排行榜